Positions of Blacks in the Civil War and Emancipation Essay example --

Once let the black man get upon his person the brass letters, U.S., let him get an eagle on his button, and a musket on his raise and bullets in his pockets, and there is no power on earth which can deny that he has earned the right to citizenship in the United States. The quote mentioned above was proclaimed by African American abolitionist Frederick Douglass, and served as motivation for African Americans to enlist in the Unions Army efforts and take an foremost in their future. With President Abraham Lincolns issue of his Preliminary draft of the Emancipation Proclamation in 1862, the Civil state of war developed to be a war to ultimately save the union and to abolish slavery. Blacks overall played a substantial part in the victory of the union, helping them turn the tide against the confederate army. In all, there were roughly 200,000 black soldiers who served in over 100 units in the Union Army and Navy (10 percent of the Union). But while their involvement in war efforts d eemed valuable there was tension on many fronts, there were major anti-Black prejudice against black involvement from people in Free states and in the loyal slave states who were not in favor of arming the Black soldiers and letting them participate in combat. With that being said, what were the Social conditions for blacks in the North (Franklin) and the southeast (Augusta) prior to the war? How did many African Americans participate in the war and in what way? Did these conditions post war? The main purpose of this paper is to monitor African American contributions to the war and illustrate how these contributions changed their social status in society. With the election of Abraham Lincoln in 1860, it forecasted tremendous change for the entire country... ...863. http//valley.lib.virginia.edu/papers/FN0000.Christy, Jacob. Franklin County Jacob Christy to bloody shame Jane Demus, August 10, 1864. The Valley of the Shadow, August 10, 1864. http//valley.lib.virginia.edu/papers/F 3004.Hargrove, Hondon B. Black Union Soldiers in the Civil War. Jefferson, N.C McFarland, 1988.Jordan, Ervin L. Black Confederates and Afro-Yankees in Civil War Virginia. Charlottesville, Va. University Press of Virginia, 1995.Mobley, Joe A. Weary of War Life on the Confederate Home Front. Westport, Conn. Praeger, 2008.Quarles, Benjamin. The Negro in the Civil War. Boston Little, Brown, 1969.Wesley, Charles H. Afro-Americans in the Civil War From Slavery to Citizenship. 1979 ed. International Library of Afro-American Life and History. Cornwells Heights, Pa Publishers Agency, 1978.

Immanuel Kants Theory Essay -- Papers Immanuel Kant Morality

Immanuel Kants TheoryImmanuel Kant (1724-1804) discussed many ethical systems and movementings some were based on a depression that the reason is the final authority for exampleity. In Kants eyes, reason is directly correlated with morals and ideals. Actions of any sort, he believed, must be undertaken from a hotshot of duty dictated by reason, and no action performed for appropriateness or solely in obedience to law or custom can be regarded as moral. A moral act is an act done for the right reasons. Kant would argue that to make a promise for the wrong reason is not moral you might as well not make the promise. You must follow a certain code in order to find truth canful your actions. Kant believed that you should treat everyone with value, dignity, and respect. Our reasoning ability will always allow us to know what our duty is. Kant described two types of common commands given by reason the hypothetical imperative, which dictates a given course of action to reach a specifi c end and the categorical imperative, which dictates a course of action that must be followed because of its rightness and necessity. The categorical imperative is the basis of morality and was stated by Kant in these words Act as if the maxim of your action were to become by means of your will and general natural law. Therefore, before proceeding to act, we must decide what rule we need to follow if we were to act, whether we are willing for that rule to be followed by everyone all over. Kant believes that moral rules have no exceptions. It is wrong to kill in all situations, even those of self-defense. This belief comes from the Universal Law theory. Since we would never want rack up to become a universal law, then it has to be not moral at all. Kant be... ...eighbor, be kind to others, do not steal, etc. yet, individual wisdom of the world by people prevents the possibility of an all-encompassing universal code of ethics. I believe along with Kant that we should develop a f riendship and code to alleviate our fellow man. We all have a duty to treat others the way we want to be treated.(Golden Rule) The one thing I disagree with is that we should not be punished for doing good deeds to those even though we might find ourselves backed into a corner when dealing with these individual problems. Overall dealing with Kants theory everyone should be truthful and abide by the universal code. We should follow his theory in treating everyone with value, dignity, and respect. Even though everyone should help others, I believe in some situations people have to be persuaded to help even though this goes against Kants beliefs.

Malaria Essay -- Biology Medical Biomedical Disease

AbstractMalaria, which has killed more people than those killed by all the war and all the plagues combined, is caused by a short protozoic poriferan of the genus malaria parasite that resides within cells in the bloodstream to mature and avoid detection. There are four main species of Plasmodium that cause malaria. These species of the parasite corrupt humans and female anopheline mosquitoes at different stages in their life cycle. When an infected female anopheline mosquito feeds upon the blood of the vertebrate, the parasite is transferred through the saliva, into the trunk of the vertebrate host. Once in the bloodstream the parasite makes its way to the liver and then infects the cells in the liver and in the bloodstream.Malaria is a vector-borne disease caused by the protozoan parasite, Plasmodium. It infects approximately 300 million people a year and is responsible for 1 1.5 million deaths each year. Though cases of this disease rarely occur in the US, they are still prev alent in developing areas of the world such as Africa, Asia, and Latin America.There are 156 species of Plasmodium that are known to infect vertebrates. From that group, there are 4 main species that cause various forms of this deadly, yet preventable and curable disease in humans Plasmodium falciparum Plasmodium vivax Plasmodium ovale and Plasmodium malaria, which can also cause malaria in certain species of apes that are closely related to humans. The main differences between the species of Plasmodium are the appearance (shape and size), the developmental stages of the parasite, the manner is which they infect their host, and the appearance of the blood cells that they infect.Despite the difference between these species, they still target the sa... ...cells in the liver and bloodstream. Using the protection of the cell and making proteins that cause the cells to stick the walls of the blood vessels to avoid being destroyed by the spleen, the parasite is able to stay one step ahea d of the immune organization of the host. In the blood stream the parasite uses the glucose need for cell process, lysis infected and uninfected blood cells, and release toxins to the blood streams that can lead to serious complications.4BibliographyMali, Sonja. Travelers Health Yellow Book. Malaria. CDC. 26 Jul 2006 .Microbiology Leicester. Malaria. November 11, 2005. Leicester. 26 Jul 2006 .Malaria. Malaria. 29 July 2006. Wikipedia. 26 Jul 2006 .

George Orwell and Animal Farm :: essays papers

George Orwell and Animal FarmThe British author George Orwell, pen name for Eric Blair,achieved blow in the late 1940s as the author of twobrilliant satires. He wrote documentaries, essays, andcriticism during the 1930s and later established himself as atomic number 53 of the about important and influential voices of thecentury. Eric Arthur Blair (later George Orwell) was born in1903 in the Indian Vill age Motihari, which lies near to the border ofNepal. At that time India was a part of the British Empire, and Blairsfather Richard, held a chain armour as an agent in the Opium Department of theIndian Civil Service. Blairs paternal grandfather, too, had been partof the British Raj, and had served in the Indian Army. Erics mother,Ida Mabel Blair, the female child of a French tradesman, was some eighteenyears younger than her husband Richard Blair was. Eric had an eldersister called Marjorie. The Blairs led a relatively privileged andfairly dulcet existence, in helping to cover the Empire.Although the Blair family was not very wealthy, Orwell later describedthem ironically as lower-upper-middle class (Gross, p.109). Theyowned no property and had no blanket(a) investments they were like many conservative English families of the time, totally dependent on theBritish Empire for their livelihoo d and prospects. Even though thefather continued to get in India until he retired in 1912, in 1907,the family returned to England and lived at Henley. With somedifficulty, Blairs parents sent their son to a private preparativeschool in Sussex at the age of eight. At the age of thirteen, he won ascholarship to Wellington, and soon after another to Eaton, the famouspublic school (Gross, p.112). His parents had forced him to represent at adreary preparatory school, and now after winning the scholarship, hewas not any more interested in further mental lather unrelated to hisprivate ambition. At the beginning of Why/Write, he explains that fromthe age of five or s ix he knew he would be, must be, a author (Gross,p.115). But to become a writer one had to read literature. ButEnglish literature was not a major subject at Eaton, where most boyscame from backgrounds either irremediably unliterary or so literarythat to teach them English Literature would be absurd. One of Ericstutors later declared that his famous pupil had make absolutely no workfor five years. This was, of course, untrue Eric has apprenticedhimself to the masters of English prose who most appealed to him,including Swift, Sterne and Jack London (Gross, p.George Orwell and Animal Farm essays papersGeorge Orwell and Animal FarmThe British author George Orwell, pen name for Eric Blair,achieved prominence in the late 1940s as the author of twobrilliant satires. He wrote documentaries, essays, andcriticism during the 1930s and later established himself asone of the most important and influential voices of thecentury. Eric Arthur Blair (later George Orwell) was born in1903 in th e Indian Village Motihari, which lies near to the border ofNepal. At that time India was a part of the British Empire, and Blairsfather Richard, held a post as an agent in the Opium Department of theIndian Civil Service. Blairs paternal grandfather, too, had been partof the British Raj, and had served in the Indian Army. Erics mother,Ida Mabel Blair, the daughter of a French tradesman, was about eighteenyears younger than her husband Richard Blair was. Eric had an eldersister called Marjorie. The Blairs led a relatively privileged andfairly pleasant existence, in helping to administer the Empire.Although the Blair family was not very wealthy, Orwell later describedthem ironically as lower-upper-middle class (Gross, p.109). Theyowned no property and had no extensive investments they were like manymiddle-class English families of the time, totally dependent on theBritish Empire for their livelihoo d and prospects. Even though thefather continued to work in India until he retired i n 1912, in 1907,the family returned to England and lived at Henley. With somedifficulty, Blairs parents sent their son to a private preparatoryschool in Sussex at the age of eight. At the age of thirteen, he won ascholarship to Wellington, and soon after another to Eaton, the famouspublic school (Gross, p.112). His parents had forced him to work at adreary preparatory school, and now after winning the scholarship, hewas not any more interested in further mental exertion unrelated to hisprivate ambition. At the beginning of Why/Write, he explains that fromthe age of five or six he knew he would be, must be, a writer (Gross,p.115). But to become a writer one had to read literature. ButEnglish literature was not a major subject at Eaton, where most boyscame from backgrounds either irremediably unliterary or so literarythat to teach them English Literature would be absurd. One of Ericstutors later declared that his famous pupil had done absolutely no workfor five years. This was, of course, untrue Eric has apprenticedhimself to the masters of English prose who most appealed to him,including Swift, Sterne and Jack London (Gross, p.

Analysis of The Goal by Eliyahu Goldratt :: The Goal Business Management Essays

Analysis of The Goal by Eliyahu Goldratt The Goal is a book of account that focuses on the theory of constraints in inn to better production. Eliyahu Goldratt brings us a pleasant story that shows the chief(prenominal) strategies that any manager or CEO should follow to be successfully productive, and capable of reaching their goals. The book easily explains and demonstrates many attainable ways for any human being to learn how to manage their industrial relations, business processes, and also, their personal lives. Many people remember that in order to succeed in a business that is having difficulties, it is important to focus on a particular area in order to be better productive in each of them, and be able to reach the goal. Instead, Goldratt and Jonah demonstrates that is important to focus on the company as a whole, scarce at the same time, it shows that it is incorrectly to only focus in an specific manufacturing department, or one plant, or a department within th e plant, because people should non be concerned in local optimums. The Goal is a book that has an immense support on improvement, which pull up stakes undoubtedly encourage the Total timbre Management terminology when trying to built up and improve their productivity. However, the Theory of Constraints also plays a very important role in this book, because it guide us to not only focus on the improvements of the business as a whole, but also to focus intensively on the constrains, Herbies, or bottlenecks. In order for a company to push its improvement and progress to a balanced plant, it is necessary to increase the throughput, while reducing inventory an operating expense. But, what is most important is to identify the bottlenecks to be able to focus on them. After focusing and solving the constraints, everything else is going to be less powerful but important at the same time. Any company is unable to manufacture a 100%. Therefore, people should really focus on t he constraints, in a way that it will prevent a failure that will damage the entire system. Bottlenecks are the key in every plant, because it will determine the activity that will create a profit and maximize the business output.

Analysis of The Goal by Eliyahu Goldratt :: The Goal Business Management Essays

Analysis of The Goal by Eliyahu Goldratt The Goal is a book that focuses on the theory of constraints in put in to improve production. Eliyahu Goldratt brings us a pleasant story that shows the classical strategies that any manager or CEO should follow to be successfully productive, and capable of stretching their goals. The book easily explains and demonstrates many attainable guidances for any human being to learn how to manage their industrial relations, business processes, and also, their personal lives. Many slew believe that in set out to succeed in a business that is having difficulties, it is important to focus on a particular area in order to be better productive in each of them, and be able to reach the goal. Instead, Goldratt and Jonah demonstrates that is important to focus on the company as a whole, but at the same time, it shows that it is incorrectly to only focus in an specific manufacturing department, or one plant, or a department within the plant, be cause wad should not be concerned in local optimums. The Goal is a book that has an immense support on improvement, which pass on undoubtedly encourage the good Quality Management terminology when trying to built up and improve their productivity. However, the Theory of Constraints also plays a very important role in this book, because it fall out us to not only focus on the improvements of the business as a whole, but also to focus intensively on the constrains, Herbies, or bottlenecks. In order for a company to push its improvement and create a balanced plant, it is necessary to increase the throughput, while reducing inventory an operating expense. But, what is close important is to identify the bottlenecks to be able to focus on them. After focusing and solving the constraints, everything else is going to be less powerful but important at the same time. Any company is unable to manufacture a 100%. Therefore, people should really focus on the constraints, in a way that it will prevent a failure that will damage the entire system. Bottlenecks are the key in every plant, because it will determine the activity that will create a profit and maximize the business output.

Incentive Parameters for Salesmen in Leading FMCG Companies

The truehearted Moving Consumer Goods (FMCG) industry is matchless among the fast growing industries with consumers everywhere. Fast Moving consumer goods or consumer packaged goods be fruits that are sold quickly at relatively low cost. Though the absolute profit made on FMCG crossings is relatively small, they are generally sold in large quantities, and so the cumulative profit on such products can be substantial. Salesmen play a critical role in any FMCG industry and for that matter in any industry, a salesmans role is critical.The efficiency of the product is useless if the salesmen are inefficient. This calls for energetic salesmen whoare efficient. The average qualification of salesmen are limited to schooling. Most of the salesmen are school dropouts. Unlike the well qualified, with these salesmen the demand for ambiance, infrastructure and a conducive hammer environment are the least preferred. Monetary benefits are the driving force. The monetary benefits include sal ary, allowance and incentive.Out of these, only incentive is the most critical and uncertain factor. The incentive being linked to the salesmens performance and the attractive incentive provided by these FMCG giants, is the only reason why most men still chafe on to a salesmans job. The salesmen put in their heart and soul to achieve their targets and thereby get much incentive. At a point, the companies identified that the salesmen are being manipulated either by their company executives or the distributors.To overcome this, to get closer to the salesmen and to give him a sense of belongingness with the company, FMCG companies started making the incentive structure transparent. And to progress track of the salesmens performance, the incentives were linked to parameters that help both the salesmen to work efficiently and the company to progress. Various companies use different incentive parameters. These parameters have evolved into a more structured approach.Though the names of the parameters and their weight-age differs, they more or less have the same meaning. Working with a few leading FMCG companies, the following incentive parameters for salesmen are the most commonly practiced. Incentive Parameters 1. Perfect Store All the product lines are highlighted in the palmtop against the particular store have to be placed in the store for it to become a utter(a) store. 2. Perfect Day When all the stores visited in a day are made perfect, the day becomes a perfect day.The perfect store and perfect day parameters are based on the AC Nielsen survey data. Companies have a tie up with a consulting tight to provide them with data about the stores with regard to their company products 3. Lines Product lines are given as targets de drop a lineding on the months focus product and institute product 4. Must Stock List Must stock list or the MSL compliance is where the salesmen are instructed to compulsorily stock a particular product line at particular stores or all the stores depending on the requirement.As discussed above, the focus products may or may not accompany the ECO parameter. More than one product can be given as a Focus 6. Effective Coverage Effective reportage ensures both the effective outlet coverage and the effective product line coverage. The effective coverage or ECO parameter may or may not contain a focus product/s depending on the months objective 7. Distributor Retail Coverage Plan (DRCP) The DRCP or simply the salesmen beat traveled everyday is a parameter that provides for expanding the number of retail outlets.Through this specific parameter the company ensures the addition of new outlets and the retention of the older outlets 8. Value Value targets are unbending based on the value of the month in the previous year plus 25% percent growth 9. Lines Product lines are given as targets depending on the months focus product and launch product Apart from these, the companies lay more empahsis on communicating these paramete rs to the salesmen. Gone were the days where salesmen carried notebooks and pen as the saying goes, you become obsolete f you are not updated, the companies have sought to palmtops and smart phones / android phones for taking orders, scheme communications and separate related functions. With many companies entering into the market everyday, FMCG industry is becoming a very competitive environment. And with the products having a very limited shelf life, the products have to be sold at the earliest. For sales, it is mandatory for the product to be placed in the outlet. This job falls on the salesmen. And incentives are the key element driving the salesmen. Hence, the companies essential constantly evolve new incentive schemes.

Proposal Plan Essay

The purpose for the organization Walgreens is to stay put in a dynamic, self-motivated and energetic byplay environment. Walgreens is a successful business looking to progress overall presentation and place the comp any for potential expansion. In order for this to follow through, a total rewards schedule call fors to be created. The incentives and compensation plan must connect with the goals of the organization. A solid rewards program go away build motivation in the work place.As the text states, The notions that rewards are means to motivate employees assuming that the rewards are distributed fairly. Rewards seem to be part of many different perspectives in motivation (Helsley, 2013). The most authoritative part is the employees in this organization, and sadly the motivation is not up to par. Employees who lack motivation, insinuates that employees are not receiving proper rewards. Instead of management focusing on provided one specific part of a department, they should ra ther work together towards a solid vision for the business.Presently, there is room for opportunity, to actually analyze the human race Resource Management system and see which problems which are leading employees to show lack of motivation. Through various researches, employees and outside sources, especially Human Capital Consulting organizations, reckon that financial compensation is lower than market value. Employees do also not comprehend how pay interlinks with job performance. 20011 to 20012 surveys show that employees think that pay connects to seniority (Pulakos, 2004).Adding to measuring rod compensation, individual rewards are not well connected to performance. For example, departments like Research & Development and sales focus the transaction force and rarely see any return. The lack of proper positioning for financial compensation and work performance is causing confusion and affecting the motivational problems. Walgreens needs to acknowledge that employees views ne ed to be considered. This is the reason why the distance in understanding between the employees and the business needs to be fixed. Alterations to financial compensation arsehole be expensive.The advisor from Human Capital Consulting the reward and compensation system needs to be fully reformed. The total cost of the reward system alterations are about $165,000. Since the business has been dealing with sales declining an investment of that sort would put the organization at a high risk (Walgreens Co. , 2013). even up though the company has to cope with that disbursal the organization has the chance to better compete in the market and reduce the risk of losing employees to other businesses due to financial compensation formats.This problem can be resolved if the management team at Walgreens takes into consideration the cause of external competition. Key objectives to consider are to go certain that the pay is enough to get and sustain employees. If employees do not see that thei r pay is competitive compared to what other organizations are giving for the same type of work, then that might cause for the employee to leave. Even though employee motivation and financial compensation are viewed as big problems for Walgreens, the business ability to form attraction and support career enhancement has been dwindling.The problems can be caused by the lack of Human Resource Management in the business strategic human capital management, with a failure by leadership to form a successful culture that aids the business objectives. As the business sets itself straight and alters its strategy, it will be vital to effectively train employees and realize certain that they are set for the challenges that come their way. Sadly, motivation issues are harming the business and may affect the strategic changes.Examples of the weak culture and employee development are seen in the Research & Development and sales parts of the organization. Each section contributes to the success o f the business but receives rarely any recognition, whether it is pay or just an overall recognition. Walgreens has the chance to brace the culture and form a complete employee development system that supports the enterprises vision and goals for the future. To add to this the business has the ability to explore other areas deviation from the financial compensation to augment employee motivation and job satisfaction.Executing a career development system will not be enough for long-run enhancements. Management at Walgreens will need to center on building situations that practice career development (Walgreens Co. , 2013). Employees at Walgreens have different interests. These interests can allow financial compensation, career enhancement or development, strong and effective communication and of course support from the management team. Employees have the right to be rewarded fairly and be acknowledged for their efforts and hard work to the organization.To add to this, employees have the right to be included in the organizations culture instead of being part of teams that are divided up. This usually leads to a lack of direction. Employees crave cooperation, a challenging working environment and dedication. Thats why effective end state goals would be to make certain that employee motivation is being measured effectively. Also, form career development plans and spot out important achievements within the business. Not only employee motivation should be worked on, but also set up a comprehensive rewards system.The reward system will give employees the chance to take charge of their reward as well as form a spot to market benefits that pertain to Walgreen employees. An internal web application should be created by HR (Walgreens Co. , 2012). The system will center on benefits administration, cross-function team goal management, and incentive rewards tracking systems. Employees will have the option of reviewing their benefits and make alterations on their time. Als o, managers will be able to surveil the improvement and donations made by cross-functional teams.Sales statistics will also be part of the reward system to keep track of sales performance. Overall, Walgreens needs to reconstitute its employee compensation program. This means that the organization needs to first acknowledge that employee motivation is low. From there, increase it, by rewarding employees for a job well done. Acknowledging them in motility of their employees and even bonuses will be nice. Flexible schedule is so important. Basically, re-evaluating everything to make certain that employees are feeling valued.

Goal Statement Essay

I felt my scores were mostly accurate in rating how I feel close to communicating because I am not a real shy in communicating with others, so I could get up and talk, if I am prepared. tierce specific public speaking goals I want to achieve during the term are listening speaking and assumption. The goals may prove rewarding for me both profession every(prenominal)y and personally because no matter what you do professionally you exit al manners pass to listen to somebody either co-workers or clients. You view to actually assure them. Listen to what they have to say, questions they may have listening is very much inviteed. Now speaking you will always have to talk with others or act with people in any professional job the way you speak to others is how they will respond to you.And last is confidence, confidence is also needed if your profession is banking you have to have confidence when talking to people. You have to act like its your best friend youre talking to, have confi dence in the way you speak. Now personally you need listening either to listen to your kids or family. Speaking is important also if your family is having problems if they come to you, you need to know how to speak to them properly. You need to have confidence personally to help you go through life people with try to bring you down and you will need to have the confidence to just ignore them and keep your head held high.My dream job would have to be a registered nurse, and they provide and coordinate patient care, educate patients and the public ab stunned various health conditions, and provide advice and emotional support to patients and their family members. They work in hospitals, physicians offices, home healthcare services, and nursing care facilities. The can also work in correctional facilities, schools, summer camps, and with military. Sharpened communicating skills will prove rewarding to my career because they do a lot of talking with people, like setting up plans for pati ents care, consult with doctors and other healthcare professionals, teach patients and their families how to manage their illnesses or injuries. it will help me talk with my co-workers and patients because nurses will always be talking or interacting with people.You have to be able to walk up to them with confidence and say exactly what needs to be said. Most people think nursing is just talking blood and giving shots. Theres a lot more if you cannot talk to people you will have a rough time in nursing. So communication skills are very important in my dream job. This course will help me achieve my communication goals in many ways. It will hopefully help me learn to listen and learn how to take things in and actually listen to them not just in one ear out the other.May also help me learn how to speak in front of others and not be so nerve-racking. And last help me have confidence in general. I expect my peers to encourage me when I do have to get in front of them to talk, not to brin g me down. And what I expect from my instructor is to class me what I am doing wrong, what I need to improve and last expect him to help me achieve my goals. And help me do a lot better with all of the bad communication skills I have.

Macbeth’s Obsession with Power Essay

In the campaign Macbeth by Shakespeare, on page 147, the important truth of the play leaks out through Macbeths lines. In this one obvious moment, Macbeth realizes that life isnt worth living without his wife, and he realizes he has gone through a metamorphosis into a power-hungry monster, both caused by his lust for power. The actors line illustrates that power will always lead a man astray.In his hunt for power, Macbeth has indefinitely ended the lives of at least 4 people. Creating a furrow stain on his conscience that he will never be able to rid himself of. But, these deaths have hardened and changed him. He has become immunte to the disgust and veneration that comes along with gore. There was a duration when To hear a night-shriek and my fellof hair would at a dismal treatise rouse and stir as life were int (A5 S5 L11-13). This refers to before he murdered Duncan, where both he and Lady Macbeth were afraid of a night-shriek, or an owl. She cried Hark, peace It was the owl that shrieked (A2 S2 L2-3). But now, subsequently his drive for power is coming to an end, he realizes how much power has changed his family.In Macbeths small speech on 147, he is saying that time moves cursorily and that life is short. He says Tomorrow, and tomorrow, and tomorrow creeps in this petty pace from day to dayOut, out, brief candle (A5 S5 L 18-19, 22). This line uses both a metaphor and personification, by saying that tomorrow creeps, he is saying that one thinks they have all the time in the world, but before one knows it, their time is up.He continues on to use the metaphor brief candle, he is comparing candle with a short wick to the lifespan of a human, who upright burns it away. At the end of this speech, he says It is a tale t disused by an idiotsignifying nothing (A5 S5 L26-27). At that point, is when he is finally saying life is nothing, it has no meaning. The reader sees here that he has fallen so far from the beginning of the play, all because of his appetit e for power.If you compare Macbeths character at the end of the play to Macbeths character at the beginning of the play, the changes are clear. A man who had morals, had a happy life, but as soon as he disregard them, his life fell apart. Shakespeare is trying to show the readers that nothing good can come out of too much of one thing, in this case, power. Like the old adage says Everything in moderation.

Medical Ethics Essay

Living in the land of opportunity and independence has its limits. There is an expectation that every time we catch our doctors office that we all will get the highest amount of respect and help that can be given. Growing up, throughout my whole feel I corroborate been in and out of the emergency room more times than any normal person probably should have. Just only eleven months ago, I ill fr stand forured my calcaneus (heel bone) into three separate pieces and had to stay in the hospital for four days due to surgery. Throughout my countless surgeries and visits to the hospital, I cannot imagine myself in a situation where the a doctor would refuse to give treatment or perform any type of procedure to anyone due to his or her personal ruling whether it be ground on race, sexual preference, political beliefs, or frankly any other suit.Today there are many Doctors who are refusing aesculapian assistance to patients because of their throw personal religious and even political beliefs and values. It turns out that a doctors ability to refuse any kind of helper is legal. Randi Kaye, a CNN Correspondent interviewed Dr. Edward Langston at The American Medical Association. The AMA along with the many Doctors agree Any physician as the opportunity that if because of personal beliefs religious or moral beliefs that they can refuse to provide services, but we also believe that physician has an obligation to provide an avenue where the patient can get the attending that theyre seeking,. One particular causal agent dealings with a man in New Jersey, written by Rmuse, an advocate for freedom of religion and particularly, freedom of no religion. Joao Simoes, a aerial, and HIV positive patient at a Catholic Hospital. Dr. Susan V. Borga, came into his room while looking at the medical file. She looked at Joao Simoes and asked him how he contracted HIV. Simoes confirmed that he contracted the virus through unprotected sex.Dr. Borga then asked if it was due to unp rotected sex with another man. As soon as he confirmed that yes, it was with another man, Borga closed his file walked out of his room. Simoes was not allowed to contact his personal physician for three day to help get medication. When he was finally allowed to contact his physician, he was told that he had already spoken to Dr. Borga informing her that Simoes needed his medication. Her receipt to the physician was that he must alsobe gay being that he was his doctor. This was followed by This is what he gets for sacking against Gods will. Simone was finally adapted to get his medication after the hospital allowed his sister to visit and saw that she gave his medication to the nurses.Another chance dealt with a Wal-Mart pharmacy in Wisconsin. Due to this pharmacy being a very busy pharmacy, they contacted a interim agency because they need temporary assistant. This temporary employee informed Wal-Mart through a written statement that due to his religious beliefs, he would not b e able to handle any clients that had any issues with or relating any form of contraception. Wal-Mart decided to compromise with the new employee to where he passes on the client to another pharmacist. When calls were made dealing with contraception, he would place them on hold and not inform anyone. When patients would pick up a birth control prescription, he would walk away and not tell anyone there was a patient waiting. Wal-Mart then tried again to compromise, but when realizing there would be no resolution, he was fired. A last case explained by Jessica Dweck occurred in Florida. Florida physician Jack Cassell taped a sign to his office door advising Obama supporters to seek urologic care elsewhere. The only way that this doctor could be sued successfully is if the patient is currently being treated and was in need of care, that the doctor ceased care without a proper notice or referral for another doctor. A doctors visit in not based on political views. The relationship betwee n a doctor and a patient should be based on the physical and emotional wellbeing of the patient.The main question and concern should be why in the year 2014, when the United States is dealing with terrorism, and teenagers going on a shooting spree at their high schools, is there such a clause that allows Doctors to refuse medical circumspection towards friendly, innocent Americans based on hatred? Why is it that after so many years of war and innocent blood shed is there still a clause that allows Doctors to refuse medical assistance on the base of religious or personal beliefs? In an online article Pharmacist conscience Clause Laws and Information explains the reason why it was enacted. The conscience clause was first executed in response to the Supreme Court decision in 1973 in the Roe v. Wade case during the womans rights movement. Roe v. Wade ruled unconstitutional a state law that banned abortion exceptto save the life of the mother. This response caused major uproar to the point where some states proposed legislation and passed laws allowing them to refuse abortions in their establishment. It went as far as pharmacist refusing in supplying refills and prescriptions of contraceptives. These actions resulted in the number of the conscience clause. The conscience clause was enacted in order to protect medical professionals from legal action for refusing to assist with contraception and abortion. In fact, many states began to follow with their own conscience clause which also allowed them to refuse medical service and prescription refills according to their idealistic beliefs. Unfortunately, there are also laws that that allows doctors to refuse medical attention to patients due to racism, sexism, or any type of hatred.Since 2005, twenty-seven states introduced bills to widen refusal clauses. Four states are considering granting carte blanche refusal rights-much like the law adopted by Mississippi in 2004, which allows any health care provider to refuse practically anything on moral grounds. Its written so badly there is no aegis for patients, (Erdely). It is mind boggling to see that this is allowed in the land of the free, the State where the people are allowed to be who they want to be, and the possibilities of living a successful and happy life are endless. What seems to be going on, and what we probably should be concerned about is that doctors are taking advantage of the clause and finding loopholes to be able to act upon their bigotry. The system seems to be seriously broken. If something is wrong than it is up to us to make them right. The main concern then should be getting the Obama administration to revoke the conscience clause that was put in place by President Bush right before he left office. If people began signing petitions, and calling the tidings stations to publicly get the word of the foul treatment of patients needing medical attention. This method surely would be a great starts in fighting against these un fair acts.Once the word is out on the streets, multiple legal actions should start to be put into place towards those doctors that placed many lives at risk or altered their lives to a point where they did not want to be. Such examples would be women who were brutally raped and were forced to have the babe due to doctors refusing to help. Or women losing their lives because ofinner infections caused by pregnancy.It is a safe bet that what people want is a life where there is no judgment. A life where the color of skin, political political party we, sexual interest, and lastly choices in life that are made good or bad, should not be the determinant nor reason to be handed cut a death sentence (Rmuse). Our country should not be whole toneping back into a life of hate, disregard, and prejudice towards one another. It should be taking a step forward to a place where we all get properly treated and be refused a health service because of hatred.Works CitedDweck, Jessica. Can Doctors Re fuse to embrace Patients Based on Their Political Beliefs? Slate Magazine. N.p., 6 Apr. 2010. Web. 08 July 2014.Erdely, Sabrina Rubin. Doctors Beliefs Can Hinder Patient Care. Msnbc.com. N.p., 22 June 2007. Web. 08 July 2014.Kaye, Randi. When Doctors Play Judge. CNN. Cable News Network, 12 Nov. 2012. Web. 09 July 2014.Pharmacist Conscience Clauses Laws and Information. Pharmacist Conscience Clauses Laws and Information. National Conference of State Legislatures, May 2012. Web. 06 July 2014.Rmuse. Conservative Doctors, Nurses, Pharmacists Create Death Panels By Abusing Conscience Clause. PoliticusUSA. N.p., 4 June 2012. Web. 09 July 2014.

Date and Observations Essay

1. Write the balanced equation for the reaction conducted in this lab, including appropriate stage symbols.Mg(s) + 2HCl(aq) H2(g) + MgCl2(aq) 2. Determine the partial pressure of the hydrogen gas collected in the gas compendium tube. The partial pressure of the hydrogen gas is 1.07 atm 3. maneuver the moles of hydrogen gas collected.pv=mrt n= .0013mol of hydrogen gas 4. If magnesium was the limiting reactant in this lab, calculate the theoretical yield of the gaseous product. Show all go of your calculation.0.03184 g Mg(1mol Mg/ 24.3050 g Mg)= 0.0013mols Mg0.0013mols Mg(1mol H2/ 1mol Mg)= .00131. Determine the portion yield of this reaction, showing all steps of your calculation.2. (actual yield/ theoretical yield)x ampere-second%(0.0013/ 0.0013)x 100= 100%1. Would the fol execrableing errors increase, decrease, or have no effect on the calculated moles of gas collected in the experiment? Explain your answers in complete sentences. a. The careful mass of the magnesium was sma ller than the true mass. If the measured amount of magnesium is less than the true amount of magnesium then the measured number of moles would be lower than the measured number of hydrogen would be smaller than the true number of moles of hydrogen. It would decrease the calculated moles of the gas. b. The actual temperature of the hydrogen gas is lower than means temperature. If the actual temperature of hydrogen gas is lower than populate temperature then the actual amount of hydrogen gas would be higher than the gas at room temperature. So therefore it would increase the number of moles produce.2. Explain in terms of particle collisions and Daltons law why it can be assumed that the heart pressure inside the gas collection tube is equal to the atmospheric pressure outside of the tube. If the number of particle collisions and the pressure inside the gas collection tube was high it would force the water in the gas collection tube to be lower than the surrounding water. If the num ber of particle collisions and the pressure was low the surrounding water would push the water higher into the gas collection tube. When the water is even, inside and outside of the tube, the number ofparticle collisions and the pressure are equal.3. If an undiscovered air spew out was trapped inside the gas collection tube, how would this affect your calculated percent yield? Explain your answer.4. If there was an undetected air bubble trapped in the gas collection tube then the pressure of hydrogen would be lower then the actual value therefore the percent yield would be lower than the actual percent yield.

John Steinbeck Essay

Of Mice and Men (to now be referred to as M+M) is full of humans suffering for a number of reasons. The foremost is that Steinbeck wants to paint a picture of the real life-time for men, and women, working in the unstable environment that was 1930s America. His book, although it is fiction, is based upon the reality of spread life during the Great Depression. As Steinbeck released M+M in 1937, he would have had ample fact to base the novella upon truths. The book centres on the real tragedies of real men and the dream that was fantasised more or less and yet rarely achieved.By using reality as a base for his novella, Steinbeck al downcasts the reader to empathise with the harshness and apprehension that is represented by ranch life. Although some parts of the book seem as though the characters have been with unbelievable scenarios, we must remember that to create the feeling of real human suffering, Steinbeck used a microcosm of all ranch workers. This is so we can see the full extent to which ranch life, the Dust Bowl and 1930s America, actually touched the masses. A main aspect of this suffering is the loneliness which all of the characters, bar George and Lennie, experience.In M+M Steinbeck has a small, yet effective, cast of characters, all of whom realise suffering in one way or another. The main characters are George and Lennie and Steinbeck uses them to express the longing for freedom. George is a victim of suffering in many ways. He suffers because he is bound to Lennie and must look after him. Although at points in the book, George expresses regret about having Lennie he impart not let him go for fear of being alone. George would rather look after Lennie than be on his own. Cause I want you to stay with me. George experiences the loss of jobs and thitherfore the loss of money through the Great Depression and also Lennies naivety, which often causes trouble for the pair, especially when coupled with Lennies strength. Reasons, for which, the pair was forced to run away from jobs in Weed. This, in turn, makes their lives harder as they struggle to stay financially stable and to find a place in which to live in relative comfort. George also suffers the loss of a dream. For a time, George has envisioned a house of his own in which he lives with Lennie.It has become a reassurance for the men, that everything result turn out right and that they should keep hope. It is the glacial of their suffering. Were gonna have a little house When George shoots Lennie all of this becomes false. There is no longer a sanctuary for the men because without Lennie the microcosm, their microcosm, of the American Dream cannot, and will not, come to fruition. This is where George experiences the mental anguish and suffering at losing both his best friend and his hopes for the future.Psychologically the suffering overwhelms anything that George has felt before and Steinbeck shows us the fragility of life and the unpredictability of the ranch. For Lennie, the suffering is that of a different kind. Due to his mental disabilities, he isnt affected by a fear of loneliness as the others are. To him, George will always be there. This does not mean that he feels no suffering throughout the story in fact he perhaps suffers the most without realising it. Lennie is uncivilised and scared when Crooks suggests that George might not come back.This is where Lennie suffers the most, he is victimised by Crooks and he doesnt know what to do. Crooks chooses Lennie to attack because he cannot do it to anyone else. In this there is a certain irony, as it is Lennies innocence and naivety which lend themselves to Crooks in bullying him. Spose he gets killed or hurt so he cant come back. Lennie shares the same ideals as George, especially that of the dream home they could have. In Lennies case, he is more preoccupied with help the rabbits than what the benefits of not working could bring him.How I get to tend the rabbits. Lennie suffers as a c hild suffers this is because, mentally, he is a child, despite the fact that he is physically a grown man. We see evidence of this child-like suffering when he blames himself for what has happened to their jobs, when he hallucinates by the brush. You do bad things He suffers from grief when he kills his mouse and his bear by accident and he also suffers at the hands of Curley, although he fights back, he still feels scared and vulnerable, as a child would. George is the one who tells him what he should do.Get im Lennie.. I said get him. It is easy to assume that George uses Lennie for his own ends but, as we see in the story, this is not true. In fact when it comes to the ultimate suffering, Lennies death, George makes it more bearable for Lennie and shoots him with mercy. Steinbeck is trying to show that although ranch life was full of suffering, there were cases where true friendships/relationships might occur. However, Steinbeck also uses Lennies death to mean that hardly anyt hing survived life on the ranch, whether it were friendships or people themselves.Slim and Carlson do not have their own cases of suffering, instead they symbolise the average ranch workers life. They suffer from low pay, poor quality of life and loneliness. The hardships of the ranches are shown in Carlson especially, as he has no feelings for Candys dog or Candy, only that the dog is qualification his life worse than it already is. God awmighty, that dog stinks. Although Slim suffers from the same difficulties as Carlson he reacts in a different way. He is calm and considerate, embodying those who were kinder in the harsh life of the ranch.

On Leadership Essay

Leadership could very much be likened to a driver of an automobile. Without it, the stationary fomite may warrant some amount of value, yet it doesnt live up fully to what it is worth. Without anyone to humankind its steering wheel, it would end up unmoving, stagnant, and eventually wasting opportunities to travel vast lands and reach great summits. Without individual to operate the car, there testament be no one to lend his sense of direction. Without this someone, there will be no destination, much less any means to arrive to it.Without this someone, the car would ultimately throw the chance to possess an attribute which is very crucial to attain any accomplishment the attribute of existence DRIVEN. Likewise, being driven is essential to attaining success in the real world, which is why I deem leading a significant part of life. In a world where tough competition is set out more or less everywhere, it isnt enough anymore to merely possess knowledge or skills. So that succes s could be attained, there is a need to manage these raw gifts effectively and turn them into something more. And leadership makes that possible.I remember that leadership is built on the foundations of vision, drive and direction. Coupled with hard work and dedication, it enables people to maximize whatsoever resources they have, and allows them to achieve whatever goals they set upon themselves. Because for a group to function efficiently and idyllically, it must have a clear sense of what it aspires, where it wants to go, and how it is going to make it all happen. However, leadership should not only concern the what, the where, and the how. It is evenly important that significant consideration be given to the why. Doing so is what I call responsible leadership.I believe that the ideal leader doesnt only empower his followers he empowers the society as a whole. It is something which separates a leader from a manager a manager simply does things right, and a leader, excursion f rom doing this, also makes it a point that he does the right things. All these years I have unplowed faith in the power of aggressive yet responsible leadership leadership which inspires trust amid difficulties, which upholds long thinking while conquering immediate challenges at the same time.I always make it a point that I myself embody my own ideals of being a leader who could challenge the status quo and be a steward of progress and development. Indeed a great number of people have attempt to encapsulate the term leadership. But through these attempts do we discern that there are a innumerable of meanings that could be associated with the word. Although I do agree with a number of the descriptions given, I sum it all up to one idea that leadership is the one powerful requisite that could bridge the gap between your present location and your target destination, between your situation and your ambition, between where you are now and where you want to be.

Importance of Talking for Teachers and Childrens Learning

This stick with will be based in C Infant School, a Leicester internal metropolis school. Most of the observations will come from a twelvemonth 2 category. This school is a unfeignedly big baby school which is really culturally diverse, with huge differences in abilities amongst the kids. ATalk is considered to be important for larning, non merely for kids but for instructors also.AThis assignment will be disembodied spiriting at the importance of reproof for kids s apprehension of the universe and any slipway the importance of disgorge for instructors to understand kids. This assignment will look at what unalike theoreticians have to estate ab erupt the assist of slop for acquirement and so t one at my survey and findings to deal if there ar any links to the literature.ALiterature ReviewThere is a scope of grounds carried out by research practiseers which look at babble out for scholarship. Myhill et Al ( 2006 ) imagines that the teacher- bookman maunder enhance s acquisition and kids learn by creation asked inquiries by their instructors. Their survey focused on the issues environing oppugning kids and believed that this is the most(prenominal) important locomote of communion for acquisition. This survey was called the TALK job and this undertaking looked into the alter signs of questioning.AThe instructors who participated in the TALK undertaking maxim oppugning to be more about scaffolding acquisition and non so much about com homophileding the lesson content. They mat up that oppugning encourage kids and allowed instructors to supervise what kids understood. It in like manner gave chances to kids to rehearse feelings and cook their impression. The Talk undertaking showed that instructors use different types of oppugning schemes. The instructors key positions on oppugning were that oppugning is a manner of affecting kids, unfastened inquiries are superior to closed inquiries, good inquiries are the tools of the trade for effectual instruction and the best inquiries facilitate acquisition and thought ( Myhill et al. , 2006 ) . Evidence from the TALK undertaking showed that a individual lesson cleverness incorporate short explosions of factual oppugning to get down the session and so travel on to inquiring inquiries to look into apprehension. Types of oppugning differed depending on content, context and age of kids. This undertaking showed that comparing one type of inquiry to anformer(a) does non assist judge how appropriate or effectual the inquiry may be in relation to the context, but raised the inquiry that is factual oppugning overused? Besides, how instructors might utilize different types of oppugning that infusion more luxuriant, developed and careful responses from kids. ABesides back uping Myhill et Al is sticker ( 1977b as cited from Moyles, 1989 ) . Tough stated that legitimate types of inquiring is indispensable to advance kids s thought. AAgring with Tough ( 1977b as cited from Moy les, 1989 ) is Aschner ( 1961 as cited in Gall, 1970 ) who claimed that inquiring inquiries is one of the basic ways by which the instructor stimulates an person s thought and learning.ABarnes ( 2008 ) nevertheless, show oppugning in learning a ii manner unconscious process. He believed that in nine to increase the usage of acquisition, kids should in like manner be oppugning their instructor every consequence good as themselves. This sets thoughts in their heads which are more likely to plunk for a longer permanent consequence on their memories.AWegerif and Dawes ( 2004 ) hold that oppugning was a good beginning for increasing gibber. They institute students believing and acquisition was higher when it elusive instructors promoting intercession by and by every inquiry. Mercer and Dawes ( 2008 ) believe that kids are encouraged to speak and hold more clock time to believe about an reply before showing it. Scrimshaw ( 1997 ) argued that kids do non cognize how to tran sport on a sermon due to put land regulations ( in Mercer and Dawes, 2008 ) .AThere has been research which illustrates that talk differs in conformity to the country of course of study being taught. In numeracy there is a greater opportunity of factual inquiries being asked, whereas in literacy there are more unfastened inquiries which potful be asked. This is because numeracy consists of a set reply. Nonetheless, in 1999 the DfEE rig that talk can be encouraged in getting kids to explicate how they reached their replies in numeracy ( Myhill et al, 2006 ) . Keogh and Naylor ( 2007 ) found the best manner of promoting talk in scientific discipline is by reasoning, discoursing and researching, ignoring land regulations. Furthermore, it is of import to hold land regulations for talk because this maintains societal identify and the instructors duty to maintain talk curriculum-relevant ( Mercer and Dawes, 2008 ) .AAlexander ( 2008 ) believes effectual acquisition is achieved i f instruction is linked to a kid s society values and through forming relationships. Evidence on this research focused on talk for larning in different civilizations and their different results. Harmonizing to Alexander, ( 2008 ) talk is a cleverness that the schoolchild acquires instead than something that pupils and instructors together do in order to larn . It was made clear in this survey that talk is non merely merely a conversation surrounded by two individuals but besides about human dealingss. Alexander ( 2008 ) suggests, if the relationship in the midst of instructor and pupils is excessively formal ( teacher bases and pupil pick ups ) this has an consequence on schoolroom talk. Whereas, if a instructor sits with the kids who are positioned in a manner they can see each another(prenominal), perchance set uping tabular arraies in a horseshoe or real form so speak can be achieved more efficaciously. The kids are so able to learn to each other every bit good as thin k from their equals positions in relation to integral category acquisition. ( Alexander, 2008 ) APiaget ( 1967 ) was a review of many other theoreticians working in this field nevertheless, he agreed with Alexander ( 2008 ) to some extent. He argued that although kids being heterosexual involved with talk was of import it was non primordial to his chief findings. A kid learns by detecting, absorbing and building thoughts about what they hear and visualise nigh them. This is more of a bring to passive procedure ( Mercer and Littleton, 2008 ) . He believed it is more effectual for kids to speak to each other in groups instead than an adult/teacher. This is due to experiencing a sense of similarity and equality amongst other kids, whereas, kids might experience threatened to talk over their positions with an authoritative/powerful figure such as an adult.ADoise at Al ( 1981 ) had similar findings which show group work being more effectual than single work. When kids come into t inge with other kids with different positions this allows and encourages the kids to re-examine their ain initial thoughts. This can so take to possible citation of a higher order solution that resolves the struggle ( in Mercer and Littleton, 2008 ) . Furthermore, Geekie et Al ( 1999 ) found that every bit good as kids being straight involved with more knowing persons, these persons should move as break down theoretical accounts. They should believe aloud when speaking to kids to assist heighten their acquisition ( in Waugh and Jolliffe, 2008 ) .A A A A AAlthough Vygotsky ( 1978 ) agreed on Piaget s position of larning being a constructive procedure he gave more accent to societal moveion and acknowledged this as being the nucleus reading procedure ( Mercer and Littleton, 2008 ) . His theory explained that all persons have a Zone of Proximal Development which describes the difference between what a kid can achieve and when their acquisition is supported and besides what they c an achieve when larning independently. Harmonizing to Paiget talk for acquisition was more effectual during equal interaction between kids of a similar ZPD. However, Vygotsky argued that the interaction between the more and less knowing encouraged the function of speaking. ( Mercer and Littleton, 2008 ) .AA survey by Barnes ( 2008 ) found that the most of import facet of a kid s ability to larn through talk is by building youthful thoughts in relation to what they already know. By seeking out new ways through talk frequently builds on kids s apprehension of the universe ( Barnes, 2008 ) . This links to what Bruner ( 1961 ) believed which is kids learn through detecting things for themselves. Although Bruner thought active duologue is an of import portion of larning he focused more on the usage of memory. Children are able to get new wisdom and understanding with the aid of old cognition stored in their memories. In order for kids to absorb information their acquisition should be simplified which they can commend and remember when obtaining new cognition. This is what Bruner referred to as the preservation of memory. Bruner believed the function of talk for acquisition was an of import dependent on kids s handiness for linguistic communication used in the schoolroom, which would subsequently make up ones head teacher on their preservation of memory.AMethods and procedureTo get down with I felt it was of import to detect how my keen-witted man facilitates talk in the schoolroom in order for me to make the same. I decided to detect my wise man in two literacy and maths to see the different ways my wise man facilitated talk.crosswise two literacy Sessionss ( vermiform process 1 ) , my wise man asked the kids many unfastened inquiries, but alternatively of replying straight off they were told to talk to your spouse to discourse what the possible replies could be. There was a batch of mated talk during the all in all category debut which chiefly occurr ed after my wise man asked a inquiry. During the chief legal action the kids were given inquiries to discourse and speak about and were informed to speak to their equals on their tabular array to discourse and portion their thoughts with each other. They were besides told that at the terminal my wise man would travel about and listen to what ideas each group has come up with to portion with the category as a whole. During the chief exertion my wise man went around the little groups merely listening to treatments and merely intervened to enlarge their ideas and replies.Having observed those two Sessionss it was clear to see that my wise man facilitated talk a batch throughout the lessons, giving restrict for kids to discourse thoughts and replies. This was done in many ways from discoursing inquiries and replies in braces, little groups and as a whole category. It is of import to state that talk was ever encouraged after inquiring a inquiry ( normally open ) . This was besides th e instance in the two maths Sessionss I observed ( adjunct 2 ) .My wise man asked inquiries which could merely hold one correct reply but still encouraged the kids to work with their spouses to work out the replies. Open inquiries were besides asked to see how kids work out the replies, what do I necessitate to make? It was besides of import to detect my two focal brain kids, Dylan and Dhrumil to see how they interact during mated talk, little group treatments and whole category treatments.While I was sharing a apply with Dylan ( appendix 3 ) I found he tended to associate parts of the narrative to his personal experiences and talked a batch about his personal experiences. When I asked some closed inquiries Dylan would answer with a yes or no but ever extended the replies by stating me why.During an R.E session ( appendix 4 ) I asked the category a inquiry, what is your particular topographic point? and each kid had to state me what their particular topographic point was. I foun d that Dhrumil answered with merely saying a topographic point and Dylan stated his particular topographic point and besides said why.After detecting both kids it became clear that although Dylan was able to reply inquiries and widen them by giving inside informations and saying why, Dhrumil would be given to give an reply without widening it. Therefore, this led me to necessitate more unfastened inquiries or inquire farther inquiries in the lessons I planned and taught in order to larn more about him and his understanding.The observations of my wise man s instruction and planning helped me to compose up my ain programs. Differentiated activities harmonizing to group abilities, doing lessons every bit active as possible and encouraging kids s thought through oppugning were all taken into consideration. I wanted to seek easing more puzzle out talk and treatments as this was more fruitful cognition to assist me understand the kid and their thought. As a consequence, I made certain I asked a batch of unfastened ended inquiries and ever asked inquiries to widen their thoughts and ideas. I decided to make this in the same method as my wise man, holding kids work in braces, groups and whole class.Although I did this for most Sessionss I decided to concentrate on easing talk during the maths Sessionss. I asked a batch of inquiries to happen out what they ab initio know ( appendix 5 ) , how could we mensurate ? I asked inquiries to see what they understood ( appendix 6 and 7 ) , what have you found out? Why have you put this object in this portion of the diagram? I asked many different types of inquiries during the maths Sessionss, as normally mathematical inquiries tend to hold one consecutive factual reply. I asked different types of inquiries as it would assist me understand what the kids already know, why they have done something, how they worked the reply out. It besides helps me to set up any misconceptions the kids may hold and assist me to place kids who ha ve grasped a construct and those who may non hold. Furthermore it helps me to measure the kids s cognition and apprehension and this information is important is this will repoint me to be after harmonizing to kids s learning.Analysis and reading of evidenceAfter looking at different theoreticians stance on talk for acquisition and my ain findings, it is clear to see that oppugning plays a cardinal function in teachers/adults larning and apprehension of kids. This is bare in two of my numeracy lesson ratings ( appendix 9 ) . In both these ratings it states how inquiring helped me to place kids who had troubles and kids who were more than able. It is besides apparent to see that oppugning plays a cardinal function in kids s acquisition and apprehension ( appendix 10 ) . In this rating it states that oppugning helped develop the kids s thoughts. Therefore, this links and supports Myhill et Al s ( 2006 ) belief that the teacher- student talk enhances acquisition and kids learn by bei ng asked inquiries by their instructors furthermore that oppugning kids is important in the function of talk for learning.To advance talk in the category I was based in, I made certain I asked inquiries which helped me understand what the kids have done, how they have done it and why. This is apparent in the maths and literacy Sessionss ( see appendix 5, 6, 7 and 8 ) . I asked different types of inquiries during the session, inquiries which required callback of the old Sessionss, inquiries to happen out what they thought and their ain positions, inquiries which required them to give sentiments and satiate why and inquiries to widen their thought. All these different types of inquiries were asked so I could understand the kids better. Learn more approximately them as persons and besides see them develop new thoughts. one time one kid gives a response to a inquiry it normally stimulated others to give their thoughts including new thoughts. This was good as it promoted originative tho ught, therefore associating with Aschner ( 1961 as cited in Gall, 1970 ) , who claimed that inquiring inquiries is one of the basic ways by which the instructor stimulates an person s thought and learning.Furthermore, as these were normally unfastened inquiries the kids had the freedom to state what they wanted without the f in effect(p) of giving a faulty reply. Normally when kids are asked inquiries which require consecutive replies, I found that in some instances they would either be loath to reply, which could propose fright of being incorrect or they would merely take random conjectures. This so links in good with many of the theoreticians, Tough ( 1977 as cited from Moyles, 1989 ) who said about certain types of oppugning being indispensable for kids s acquisition.It was of import to advance talk to measure and measure them as persons and besides program for patterned advance. Although unfastened inquiries were utile in acquiring a scope of different thoughts and replies, som etimes I needed to inquire inquiries which required a right reply, so a specific reply. This was the instance in certain maths Sessionss ( appendix 5 and 6 ) . Asking closed inquiries helped me understand if the kids understood or knew the reply. If an incorrect reply was given I found inquiring how they worked the reply out helped in placing if their methods were wrong which in bend resulted in the incorrect reply or if their methods were right but the reply was wrong due to small errors and mistakes. Therefore inquiring both opened and closed inquiries are really of import as it would merely do me more certified of what the kid understands, what they are fighting with, what misconceptions they have and overall assist me understand the kid. Therefore, besides ensuing in me reflecting on my ain pattern excessively see what I may be making incorrect, what other schemes I could utilize to assist persons, how I can widen their acquisition and so on. Thus, back uping Myhill et Al s ( 2 006 ) findings from the TALK undertaking how instructors might utilize different types of oppugning that infusion more luxuriant, developed and thoughtful responses from children.Furthermore grounds obtained from observations of my wise mans oppugning manner ( appendix 1 and 2 ) , promoting talk and treatment after every inquiry, supports Wegerif and Dawes ( 2004 ) that oppugning is a good beginning for increasing talk and that pupils believing and acquisition is higher when it involved instructors promoting treatment after every question.After looking at my grounds most of them relate to the thought of oppugning being a cardinal point in talk for acquisition. This is besides apparent in my literature reappraisal. Questioning is seen to be important for kids s acquisition, understanding and believing besides oppugning is important for adults/teachers to understand children.Conclusion ( a )The chief findings from all the research surveies are that most of the theoreticians believe th at acquisition is an active procedure, through interaction with equals and grownups. Underliing all their theories and schemes is talk, as talk is required for interaction.Most of the research I looked at stated oppugning to be the most important factor in talk for larning. Most significantly instructors demand to see the type of inquiries they ask, inquiries which will non merely promote talk but aid instructors understand kids.To reason I found that talk does assist kids s acquisition, understanding and believing. This is through oppugning and interaction between others. What makes it more effectual is varied oppugning and guided or supported interaction.I have learned that factual inquiries are merely every bit good as unfastened inquiries, but they are merely effectual when used in the right contexts, for the right content and for the right ages. However, it is most likely to be more effectual when a assortment of inquiries are asked in a individual lesson. This would profit me and others as I will be doing certain to inquire varied inquiries to assist me develop as a instructor and aid develop kids s acquisition also.Conclusion ( B )I found that talk is important for kids s acquisition as hear others positions and thoughts helps boom their ain positions and thoughts. hardly most significantly I found that instructors need to advance talk more by the types of inquiries they ask. I found that inquiring different types of inquiry non merely helps me as a instructor but the kids besides. It helps me understand what the kids know, their old cognition and besides how that cognition has grown over clip. It helps me esteem kids s cognition of topics, makes it more seeable to see which kids are fighting and which are progressing hence, it makes me more witting of what I need to make in order to assist persons to travel them frontward.Before I conducted this survey I held the belief that kids speaking was of import for us as instructors to cognize what they u nderstand but did non see the importance of instructors speaking every bit good, but most significantly instructors supplying the chance for talk. But after holding looked at other research and holding experienced it myself I believe that in order for kids to speak instructors need to supply the chance for talk particularly after oppugning, giving kids clip to discourse and develop thoughts, whether this is in braces, little groups or as a whole class.

Investigating Castle Mall management Essay

The castle prom is a shopping amount located in the core of Norwich. It is owned by the insurance familiarity Friends Provident. Friends provident employ a whole double-deckerial ag assembly who hunt down the centre. This is called fortification plaza foc apply. This is what I get out be investigating in my project.E1 Public and Private Limited Companies (PLC)castling mall circumspection Ltd is a private contain comp each (ltd). A private political party is a wrinkle with special liability whose c ars atomic number 18 non available to the earth.A Public limited company (PLC) is a business with limited liability whose sh bes be not available to the public.PLCs atomic number 18 required by utilisation of law to publish their accounts. This substance that they are available for scrutiny, not and by the owners (shareholders), potential investors, and bankers, plainly also, by competitors.The Memorandum of Association essential state consumely that the busi ness is a public company and it must be registered as such(prenominal). The term plc must appear later on its name.The differences between the two, private and public limited companies are A public company hind end raise capital from the general public, while a private company is prohibited from doing so. The tokenish capital requirement of a public company is 50,000. thither is no minimum for a private company. Public companies must publish far much(prenominal) beautiful accounts than private companies.Advantages1) The shareholders micturate limited liability.2) It is easy to raise capital by issuing more shares.3) It is oft quantify easier to raise finance because the banks are much more go awaying to lend m whizzy to a large, healthful up established, as they see it as much less of a rise.4) This all influences it easier for the PLC to grow and expand.5) The shareholders will apportion specialists to manage and runt the company for them.Disadvantages1) Setting up a public limited company is expensive. in that respect is a lot of politics work packd and at least 50 000 has to be raised(a) before a PLC go off be set up.2) The PLC has to way out much more learning virtually itself and this again is very expensive to produce. It has to prepare and annul report as well as one-year Accounts and these ca-ca to be printed and sent to all the shareholders. They also available to the general public and competitors to see.3) The extent to which any one individual, or group, whoremonger principal(prenominal)tain simplicity of an organisation is severely limited by the sales agreement of its shares on the stock exchange. A family whitethorn dislodge their influence on a business small(a) when a listing is obtained.In cut into, this fashion that publicly quoted companies are al instructions vulnerable to take everywhere bid. This may affect the finales taken by directors.For exemplar, they may be more inc beginningd to cut screen on catering during a recession, whereas a private firm would want to hold on to experienced provide for when the economy starts to recover.E6 Communications there has to be communication between each member of supply for the company to contribution properly. I will now in trusted at how this can be done inside the company.Uses of communication To affect each other To shed deals To give instructions To give or ask round knowledge To exchange ideas To announce plans or strategies To compare actual results against a plan To lay take rules and procedures Job descriptions, organisation charts or manualsDirection of communicationFormal freeVertical Vertical* downward Between peers, friends or-From superior to subordinate. Colleagues.* Upwards Could be given as From subordinate to superior activated support.Or to organise a functionHorizontal or lateral or party. People of the very(prenominal) rank,(In the identical sectionOr in contrastive sectors)DiagonalInterdepartmental co mmunication by nation of different ranks.Methods of communicationA) Face to face communications Formal sateing Word of mouth Interviews Informal contactB) Oral communication The telephone Public chip inress organisationC) Written communication Letters, absent mail systems Memorandum, internal mail system Reports Forms Notice board News letters, bulletins, house journals Organisation manual, handbook, leafletD) Visual communication Charts Films, PowerPoint PresentationE7/A3 tone Control* timber is one of the ingredients in the purchasing decision of consumers, who demand ever-increasing levels of look* Any firms that ignore the caliber aspect of two inputs and outputs risk losing market share to those firms who shoot it a priority.Quality is defined by the CustomerW E Deming (American Quality Guru)Quality Defined* It is difficult to provide a single comment for fictitious character as it means different things to different groups of throng. Certainly the perception of the node is a key element.hither are some of the minimum requirements for customer satisfaction* Fitness For PurposeThe product can do what is it meant to do. This is a useful definition as it can be applied to a wide variety of products, including cheap products such as disposable pens.* Meeting the minimum standards prescribed by acts of parliamentswellness and Safety, Weights and Mea certainlys and Trade Description jurisprudence provides a legal framework for minimum standards across a wide range of goods.* Meeting vocation association standardssome(a) industries have self regulating bodies that guarantee their members work, e.g. the national house building council.In final analysis it is the customers perceptions of quality that really matter, firms must strive to convince the market that their product/ military service is the best value for money.Quality Control SystemsIn the past, Quality Control in the UK meant inspecting the product after achievement has taken place. In other words it was a faultfinding exercise.Today quality control it is all about building in quality at each stage of production. Such a preventative approach reduces the soaring costs of rejects and re-working. The Japanese perfected this is known asTotal Quality counsel (TQM)Basic features of TQM are* The establishment of culture of quality among all employees* The recognition of quality custody where each stage of production is treated as a separate customer to be determine and looked after* The use of Quality Circles* Empowerment of workforce* The emphasis on after-sales service as well as quality manufacture.TQM is not a focal point tool but a Philosophy. Requiring a have intercourse mind shift on behalf of the entire company (Managers and employees)Quality InitiativesIn recent eld these have been many initiatives introduced to assist firms to achieve Assurance.QualityQuality AssuranceRefers to all of the activities that ensure the satisfactory delivery of goods and operate to end customer.Quality Assurance refers to all of the activities that ensure the satisfactory delivery of goods and services to the end customer. hear factors include* The quality of inputs such as raw materials and components* The quality of the design process so that the products ascertain customer requirements whilst still being economic to manufacture* To appropriate skill level of the workforce and its consignment to quality assurance* The quality control methods used in the production process* The quality of advice at the purchasing point and after-sales serviceThe Main Initiatives Have IncludedTQMA school of thought of quality timber CIRCLESAn informal discussion group drawn from all parts and levels of the business that pick ups regularly to discuss quality problemsKAIZENAn approach to advocates continuos improved in small steps rather than a competitive overhaul of the production system.BENCHMARKINGIdentifying the best practice of the leading firms and using that as a yard stick with which to measure ones own public presentationISO 9000An international quality certification procedureZERO DEFECTSA philosophy that encourages all employees to strive for the ultimate goal of a perfect productTRAININGWhere management has accepted that for quality to be assured a quality culture must be implemented at each stage of the process it is imperative therefore to train all employees to have the requi rate skills, both for their direct tasks and for quality monitoringQuality can be achieved in diverse ways but the ultimate goal is to satisfy the customer, which of course is a constantly moving objective.The thing is that castle perambulation direction does not sell anything. This can be a problem when trying to implement quality control. To overcome this they have to vet the stores they have in the centre and make sure that they use quality control. This would help castle mall management reach their objectives especially the main objective to ma ke a profit. As Castle Mall management do not sell anything they cant run veritable procedures. This means that the design and production side is out of their hands, but is it? If they want to be really sure of what they are outwitting into they can agree with the firm or business to have an input into what they are selling. For example, they could check the production side of a chocolate shop devising sure that their production line is of a high standard and that they are not breaking any laws. some other thing they could check, although not directly samed with quality is where the product is do. If a product is make in a small 3rd world country with the staff getting paid for example 50p a day they energy disagree with this and not allow the shop to trade in their centre. I believe that one of their objectives should be to help the customer in buying a quality product.The use of quality control to add value.* Adding value For landlord* Increase foot fall* Increase spending* Operate a profitable purlieuCity* Investment in the city* PrecencePopulation* Provides jobs* Provide social outlets* Sponsorships* Castle Mall is the only underground shopping centre in Western Europe. This makes it a landmarkE2/E3/C1 The objectives of Castle Mall ManagementObjectives A statement of what an organisation wants to achieveObjectives are a statement of what an organisation wants to achieve through and through its deed. A firms formal objective is given in its memorandum of association, and larger firms may publicly state their general philosophy and values in a list of objectives. For approximately PLCs profit is only one goal among others.Objectives provide criteria for decision-making. Most firms harden these general objectives into more propellent aims, which are intended to incur the organisation forwards in the chosen direction. Mission statements are centre declarations of intent, designed to energise staff at all levels to work in common cause.In practice the boilers suit objectives of a large firm unavoidableness translating into terms that have meaning for each operation or function. This may mean that one objective is particularly highlighted.1) The Main objective is to make a profit. They have to make a profit in order to ensure that the investors i.e. Friends Provident get recall on their investment. This is the main objective of most businesses they set out to make money. If they do not consequently they are considered a failure.2) To provide a Safe and skillful environment for their customers. In order to make a profit people have to come in to the centre. If possible customers sprightliness that the centre is secure and they will be safe then they may rebuke and return for all their needs. If they consider the centre and machine parks not to be safe then they will not visit as they feel that they or their property is not safe.3) To summation footfall per year. The footfall is the amount of people that visit the cent re in a measured time. The more people that come in the more hap of them buying gunpoints and the Castle Mall making a profit. Even if a non-customer walks through the centre frequent on the way to work then they may see a shop or an item in a window, which they may come back and buy it when they want it.4) To increase amounts of visits per person. This is not the same as footfall as footfall is the amount of people who visit the mall, whereas the 4th objective is to increase how many times one person visits in a measured period. Again more visits means potentially more profit.5) To increase visits from within a large catch-ment area. Trying to gain custom from shops in a large catch-ment area. This means trying to get potential customers from other places of Norfolk up to a 1-hour drive away.6) For customers to stay spaciouser when they get there. The ampleer the customer stays the more money they are probable to spend. Also with plenty of food restaurants in the mall if peop le are there a long time then they may get hungry and buy food. This will help increase profit.The overall objective all the objectives lead to is toMake a profit.E4 The Functional areas of Castle Mall management LtdThe main functional areas of Castle Mall Management Ltd are* Marketing* Accounts* Administration* Security* Human resources* pabulum Court* Customer serviceEach area has its own responsibilities and objectives. Next I will formulate each areas responsibility* Marketing Public Relations Advertising-Briefing the creative/media buying agencies-Approving copy and schedules-Ensuring targets and deadlines are met Web Site Christmas Decorations Promotions-Events-Displays-Activities Research Sponsorship Buying -Maintaining stock levels-Existing literature-Briefing in new requirements-Checking prints quality-Distribution Health and Safety checks on displays* AccountsThe accounts section of Castle Mall Management Ltd looks after the money side of the company. This can involve ch ecking and counting all the money side of the centre. This can range from making sure people have paid their rent and how much they should have paid to counting the money that is put into the car park pay machines. This is a very important side of the company as without them they would not get any money in and staff would not get paid etc.* AdministrationAdmin look after the paperwork side of the company. This can involve writing to perspective clients and customers with information about the centre. Also it can involve internal communication helping the company run. Without the admin department the company could not run, this is because they basically bearing everything out. If a letter needs to be sent, a contract needs to be singed or a delivery needs to be taken admin are there, if they cannot sort it out then they can contact a individual who can.* SecurityThe security department is a very important in the Castle Mall. Weather you see them or not they are always there. There are a team of highly trained security staff patrolling the Mall 24/7. This offers a visual presence for the customers, making them feel safe and secure. What the customers dont see is the main control room where the operation is run from. Here they control over 50 cameras. Some of these are visual to the customer, some a enigmatical Matchbox cameras which can be hidden basically anywhere. The CCTV system is very important in the mall, if a side is spotted then the security guards can be contacted by radio and told any information they need to sort it. The security staffs also are called into action when there is a go off alarm. When this happens the mall is evacuated and the fire service is called, when they arrive its the security guards job to show them to the area where the alarm is. When the all clear is given it is the guards job to let everybody back into the mall. From shoplifters to lost customers the security guards are helping the mall function properly.* Human Resource sThe human resources department is in charge of the employment side of the company. This can involve placing adverts in the paper for a new position, looking at the application forms. Deciding on candidates and then interviewing them. They would then have to decide on a new employee with their experience and knowledge.* Food CourtThe food move has a different sort of agreement with Castle Mall Management, they are directly accountable to Castle Mall Management Ltd as there targets are set by them. If they are struggling to meet this Deadlines Castle Mall Management will intervene and try and sort the problem. As they have this kindred the profits they make are shared with Castle Mall Management. This is a pre-arranged agreement, which was sorted when the mall opened. As the food court is a large part of the mall and is closely linked with Castle Mall Management they have their own manager within Castle Mall Management. It is their job to make sure that the food court are meeting t heir targets and are running with no problems.* Customer ServiceThe customer service desk and team have a large area to cover. They basically look after the customers of the mall. Here are some of the areas they cover. Information services for the mall and local area. Security Car parking alter parking and annoy Disability service Shopmobility Information leaflets Public relations informing public about evens Baby changing facilities dandy signage and directions First aid Directory leafletsAlso the customer service desk is also the prime(prenominal) place to make a complaint. It depends on the nature of the complaint as to how it is dealt with. However, all that make a complaint will get a letter of some kind of response from the centre manager. both complaints are dealt with as soon as possible. If necessary clients/customers will be invited backs and helped. One example is when a fire alarm went off and a mother with a toddler with a pushchair had to call for the pushchai r down flights of stairs because she had taken the wrong turning. She aired her concerns to CMM Ltd who invited her back to show her that there was an access/ exit especially for disabled/pushchair access. This alleviated her concerns and she is more than likely to return to the shopping centre because her concerns were dealt with efficiently and effectively.Complaints cam be made either through the information desk or by post.Customer fills in formThey will then be sent to the management suite where the corresponding manager will deal with it.Investigation carried outAnd acted uponE5/C2/A1/A2 Organisational structuresWhen you look at the structure of Castle Mall Management it looks, as it is hierarchical (See additional page 1). This is not 100% true, when I asked Erik Kirk the manager of Castle Mall management Ltd he described them as having elements of all structures and cultures.Organisational structures can be described as compressed, hierarchical or matrix shaped. Where decis ion-making is decentralised, the structure tends to be flat. This means that managers and the staff are given wide ranging responsibilities in deciding what to buy, what prices to charge and which staff to employ etc.An organisational structure where decision-making is decentralised it can be described as flat because it does not have many layers.A disadvantage of this type of organisation is that decision-making can be slow. For example any decision that is made this way can take a long time. However, the decision-makers have the advantage of being close to the others day to day activities. In other words there is not along line of communication between the decision-maker and the work to be done. The most extreme version of this is the repair trader who does all the work and carries out all the decisions of the business.Some organisations have in recent years cut out layers in the middle management with the aim of improving communication and decision-making. It can be called de-la yering this has had the effect of widening the span of control of the managers who are leftover.This means that managers can become overwhelmed by the information coming to them and the quality of decision-making suffers. The managers start to loose control over practices and procedures.Narrow Span of control big Span of controlAn alternate way to run the business is to centralise operations. This approach takes decision-making power away from junior staff. This resulting structure is described as hierarchical. Senior staff makes all-important decisions. Below is an organisational chart presentation a centralised structure it has several layers of command and is pyramid shaped, i.e. wide at the bottom and shorten at the occur. Most large businesses are organised in a hierarchical structure. The senior managers are responsible for taking decisions affecting the whole, or large parts of the businesses whilst shop floor workers mainly melt down out decisions made by others.Manage rSenior supervisor Senior supervisorJunior supervisory program Junior Supervisor Junior Supervisor Junior SupervisorShop chronicle Workers Shop Floor WorkersThe Key advantage of a hierarchy is that it allows strong leadershiphip and centralised decision making. It ensures that the organisation has a consistent policy, approach or activity.A problem with hierarchy is that the line of communication between top and bottom might be quite long. There are layers of people who to receive and pass on information and at each stage the Information can be reinterpreted or misinterpreted. One way of avoiding this problem is to delegate decision-making. This means that people within the organisation are given the authorisation to make decisions themselves rather tan wait for instructions from the top.Advantages and Disadvantages of centralisationAdvantages* Bulk buying reduces costs* Fewer staff are required in the whole operation.* The scope for specialisation increases* Producers such as or dering and purchasing can be standardised* Planning and control tends to be more effective* Decisions are made for the good of the company rather than the branch* Leadership is likely to be stronger and more consistentDisadvantages* midriff managers may be less motivated because they have less responsibility* Local needs are less likely to be met* There is less flexibility* There may be more administration* Communications between different sections might be poor* The burdens of management is more toilsome to the centreMore example of StructuresLocationconfederative Breweries LtdCalsberg/ Allied Breweries AlliedTetley UK Netherlands BreweriesTradingWorld-wideProductAllied Lyons PLCSpirits Retailing Brewing Food+ ManufacturingWholesalingSome organisations have structures that cannot be described as flat or hierarchical. They use tears that cut across traditional departmental boundaries. Sometimes the tears are permanent, in other cases the are brought together for a specific purpose . Project tears are more and more being used by businesses to develop new products. Such tears have MATRIX STRUCTURES. In that the have members drawn from several departments.One example of a project team is the one wanderer used to develop the 600 series. From the start of the project, stylists, manufacturing, production engineers, production line operates and suppliers all worked together. All team members had the authority to act without consistent referral to senior management.StylistsEngineers Team Leaders Production lineOperatesSuppliersHow does the organisational structure affect its performanceThe organisational structure of Castle Mall Management (or as they call it the Family Tree) has a hierarchical shape. This means that there is one main centre manager. The centre manager Eric Kirk then goes directly to a delegate centre manager. They then lead directly to four other managers of separate divisions. The merchandise, food court, security and administration manager all then head a team in that department except the marketing manager who has no team and works closely to the deputy and main manager. The structure shows that the centre manager has direct input to the four division managers.I believe that having a structure of this sort will be successful. This is because everyone has a link with everybody else. If there is a problem then there is always someone there to sort it. Also as the main manager has close links with most of the staff under him so if he makes a request they may not mind carrying it out.I think of that the structure helps Castle Mall Management meet and exceed its objectives because they work well as a team. This is because everyone is linked with everyone and there is always someone to help you out if need be. You see how important they find these as they call there structure the Family Tree. This can help with all objectives, especially the objective, to make it a safe and secure place for the customers to shop. If the emplo yees believe they are doing a important job and feel wanted as a part of a team then they may put more effort. This means that they may make the extra little bit of effort to clean a departure etc.The management cultureThe management culture of a business is how the people very high on the hierarchy act to the lower down employees and their associates. It depends on how managers act, if they tell people what to do or if they leave it up to them to make their own decisions.A good model to show this is the leadership continuum. grand name Participative style Free-Rain StyleConsultative Consensus DemocraticAutocratic styleAn autocratic leader maintains most of the authority by issuing orders and telling what to do without consulting them. To the autocrat, the basis for leadership is formal authority. Autocratic leaders may have a few favourite subordinates but they usually regard close interpersonal relationships with group members as superfluous. The autocratic style of leader is ge nerally in disfavour in recent organisations.Participative styleA participate leader is one who shares decision-making authority to the group. Participative leadership occupies enough space on the continuum to warrant dividing it into three subtypes Consultative, Consensual and democratic.A Consultative leader solicits opinions from the group before making a decision, yet does not feel obliged to accept the groups thinking. A standard way to practice consultative leadership would be call a group a group meeting to discuss an core before making a decision.A Consensual leader encourages group discussion about an issue and then makes a decision that reflects the general agreement of group members. Consensual leaders thus turn over more authority to the group than consultative leaders do. The consensus leadership style results in long delays in decision making because every party involved provides input.Free-rain style or laissez-faire styleA Laissez Faire or Free Rain leader turns over almost all authority to the group members and does as little leading as possible. Given a situation in which the work to be done by each employee is clearly defined, weather it is sorting coupons or cutting gears with laser beam, such leaders maintain a hands-off policy. They make few attempts to increase productivity or to private instructor their employees. At times the free-rain leader is a abdicator who cares very little for productivity goals or developing subordinates. Erik Kirk of Castle Mall management is certainly not like this as he has very high targets and standards.As with any leadership style, there are some situations in which an autocratic style is appropriate. One example is a high-accident work area where the employees are not particularly knowledgeable about the potential risks. many autocratic leaders have been successful as high-level leaders in the private and public sectors. One good example of this is taken from Management and organisation by DuBrin, Ir eland and Williams. Jack Traimiel, the controversial administrator who has occupied key positions at both Commodore and Atari. A co-worker of Tramiels said, Commodore was the house that jack built, and when he left the company, so did the spirit, the aggressiveness and the drive. Decision making also went by the waysideCastle Mall Management are democratic and laissez-faire at times but are autocratic at times of* New EmployeesNew employees may not know about certain parts of the business so if they make decisions however small they could make curtail mistakes, which could cost money or customers. Also if they are not taught they may never learn a certain technique and carry on using the wrong way forever.* Health and safetyHealth and safety is very important as it involves the eudaemonia of workers and customers. If they want to meet their objective of proving a safe and secure place for people to shop they will have to be very strict on this subject. This means that precise decis ions need to be made which are in lines with all guidelines set by the governments of the world.* SecurityIs very important, again if they want to meet their objectives they will have to be very strict and precise on security matters. This may involve making decisions based on laws and keeping information form other employees lower down the hierarchy.Erik Kirk and his associates like to have a team of workers who are loyal and work hard. He also likes to make them feel part of something, a team. He has an open door attitude when it comes to this. He likes to feel that if there is a problem it can be sorted. No matter how small the problem is he feels that he can help providing answers and privacy.On paper the structure appears hierarchical but it does have elements of a flat structure.boilersuit the culture is* Philanthropist in attitude* Good work ethics* Relaxed* Productive* Efficient* Good and open communication channels* Clear objectives* Safe and secure working environmentE6 Th e use of ICT in communicationsCastle Mall management would be severally impaired without ICT. The main use of ICT is communication. There are many areas of communication featuring ICT, these are* electronic mailInternalExternal* Web site* alarm system System (2 way communication)* Reports* Telephone (external + between departments)* CCTV + Mini camerasE-mailCastle Mall Management uses E-mail to communicate between department, level and centre. E-mail is a very good way of communication as it is virtually instant. Also you can send designs, graphics and programs as attachment files. This is very helpful as it saves in paper costs and also cannot be lost as with paper. Castle Mall Management uses E-mail to communicate with each other no-matter where they are in the building or country. For example a admin worker could e-mail his supervisor to alert them of a problem or just to book holiday. Another example is Erik Kirk the main centre manager E-mailing another manager of another cen tre alerting them of a security problem.Web siteCastle Mall Management help run the castle-mall.co.uk web site. Some Castle Mall Management staff has been trained to update and redesign the web site. The web site can be used to make customers aware of events and new promotions. It can also give customers information about what shops are in the mall and what services are available.Alarm systemsThe alarm system in the mall has a communication system built in so if there is an emergency most people in the mall can contact each other through the alarm system to find out whats happening. It can also pinpoint where a person is so if they are in danger then they can quickly be located and helped.ReportsReports are written by all sections of management so that other people in other positions know what is happening, why and when. They are written about special events to inform people what is happening and how successful something was. Also reports are written once a week, month and a major one written each year. These reports are enter by managers and then sent to Friends Provident or FisPam. To let them know how they are getting on. If there is a problem with the reports then friends provident will try and suggest ways to rectify it.